Principles of Adult Learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Principles of Adult Learning - Research Paper Example According to Malcolm Knowles, there are six tenets of understanding the adult learning; they include adults being independent and self-ruling learners, possessing an accumulation of knowledge and work related experiences, being goal oriented, relevancy-oriented, and practical, and requiring respect. Throughout this paper, I will outline a strong adult learning program. When it comes to building a strong adult learning model of instruction it is best to begin with a concrete understanding of what motivates the adult learner. As educators are aware, if students are not motivated then no learning is not taking place. As research reveals, â€Å"the following six factors are sources of adult motivation: social relationships, external expectations, social welfare, personal advancement, escape/stimulation, and cognitive interest† (Lieb, 1991). However, the most prevalent motivation for adult learners is that of career advancement or maintaining current career certificates/licenses. Teachers, for example, are required to stay abreast of current trends and best practices by completing a designated number of post-graduate credits every five years merely to maintain licensure to practice. Because professional development is the most prevalent factor of adult learner motivation, a quality instructor must adhere to four essential components including inspiration, support, maintenance, and transference. If these four components are not addressed in adult learning programs, learning is not occurring for the students. Stephen Lieb further finds that â€Å"With regards to motivation, if the participant does not recognize the need for the information, all of the instructors effort to assist the participant to learn will be in vain† (1991). For this reason, it becomes essential that instructors make it clear to their students the purpose for learning each set of skills; the learner needs to

Pablo Picassos Sculptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pablo Picassos Sculptures - Essay Example The essay "Pablo Picasso’s Sculptures" will describe the figure of Pablo Picasso not only as a painter but as a sculptor. There will be discussed "Head of a Woman", one of the first works of the artist. The bronze figure is indeed a masterpiece not because it just represents the surface, more than that it demonstrates the essence and the structure of a woman’s face. Solidity of the sculpture shows that Picasso intended not only to see the beauty of the world, but also to feel it by means of touching physically. The fractured texture of her face, gorge, and hair draws the parallel with human nature; it represents a metaphor for the way people usually experience other human beings. To my mind, the sculpture is about unsolved mystery of being close to a different person. I like the way the sculpture is transformed every time I move my own head, circle it, look closer at the head, or move away from it. I also like the contrast between the clearly showing up soft touches of the master and the sharp lines and contours of the woman’s face. It helps to create the illusion that the artist intends to look beneath the skin of the sculpture. However, it does not seem violent the way he does it. It is a well-known fact the sculpture Head of a Woman helped Pablo Picasso to see the essence of things in a new perspective and served as the basis of the development of Cubism. In fact, one can see with half an eye the connection with the earliest stage of this style of abstract art – Analytical Cubism.

Terrorism: A Global War

Terrorism: A Global War TERRORISM Now a day the world became a global village due to rapid scientific development. But the major issue through out the world is terrorism. The word ‘terrorism has its different sense. It is necessary to know what Terrorism is and why it is generated. Initially the terrorism belongs to one area, between certain groups, between few races and religions. But now there are no barriers for terrorism. This is the resent trend of terrorism. The main reasons for the generation of Terrorism is extremism, Patriotism, Regionalism as well as Racism. People may become terrorists if they have been unjustified in their personal issues also. It is not possible to give clear-cut meaning of Terrorism, but it can be said that embracing Terrorism will be the destruction of Country, State, people etc As per the Aims of Terrorists on global level are concerned, they want to destroy right to live, freedom and safety, which are regarded as the basic fundamental rights. Destroying the basic values of a democratic society is also another objective. Terrorism should be controlled and must be fought on all stages and by all the players of society: organizations, political players, economic players, and civil and military structures. For that there must be coordination among each other to combat this global threat, which questions our freedom. The Terrorism became a moving target, terrorists activities can be commenced for all sorts of reasons abstractly at least, for none at all other than to promote revolution or to express disgust. The terrorists act generally occurs out of grievance and aggravation, real or imagined, religious, political, economic and personal. Terrorism or the threat of terrorism, can involve weapons of mass destruction, or it can consist of measures of massacre domination and intimation directed on individuals, at a group or class or on all the inhabitants of a region or state. Initially the terrorism was limited to one opponent but now they are trying to see with global vision. The supporters of their opponents are also targeted. The LTTE a terrorist organization primarily is waging guerilla war against the Sri Lankan government, but also assassinated Indian Prime Minister for supporting Sri Lanka. The Talibans not only were against the Christianity but also shown their animosity against Buddhist statutes. Even there were factions among the same religions, which is taking number of lives of the same religion. Terrorists Network: As the world became global village, the technique used by the terrorists also became sophisticated. Crimes have been committed by utilizing Internet for easy transformation of data, which is affecting public. Bomb blasting through remote control, Mobiles, etc became the normal practice of the terrorists. A terrorist is identified by the means employed by him and not by the goal. That means the goal may be right but the way used to achieve the goal by adopting illegal means is wrong. That amounts to terrorism. The major aggression of the terrorist was to distress World Trade Center which took place on 11th September 2001 in USA. It was a shock to the world which left a bad memory in the modern history where more than 5000 people lost their lives. After occurrence of major global horror and dangerous incident to the existence of peace on 11th September 2001 several governments took measure through acts. The USA government took serious note about Terrorism on international level, and other countries also worked for the safety of general public, conducted convention and discussed over the issue of terrorism. Later on, the USA with the combination of alliance and with the acquiescence of UNO attacked on Iraq to squash the terrorists showing some proofs against the peace; conclusively the leader of Iraq, President Saddam Hussain has been sentenced to death. Precautionary measures have been taken on international level to tackle the problem of terrorism. It was stated in the European Summit meeting in Berlin, that the United States and the European Union have the same aim of global cooperation in the fight against terrorism. Nations should get together on a global level and act for security of them selves and world at large. This should be done without disturbing others sovereignty and personal freedom. Impact of Terrorism It is revealed that some countries are perpetuating Terrorist on the name of Religion, Race etc. At present, the most wanted Terrorist is Osama-bin-ladin. Several efforts have been made to detain him; so many persons have been slaughtered stating that they belong to Osama. U.S.A warned other countries not to protect him and raised voice against terrorism. So many legislations have been passed in UNO to trounce terrorism all over the world. A seminar on â€Å"Regional and Global Terrorist Threats: The way Out† recently held at CRRID, Chandigarh in association with the M.L.Sondhi Institute for Asia-Pacific Affairs involved participants from CIS, Israel, Pakistan, Nepal and India. One of the participants questioned the concept of the global war on terror, since each manifestation can be traced to particular and local political causes as in Sri Lanka, Chechnya, Northern Ireland, Kashmir and Palestine. Perhaps it is more a â€Å"global† than a global phenomenon, with international technologies and methodologies applied to local situations. Hence the suggestion is that nations cannot take each terrorist organization as a different one. Even though they are different they are interlinked and mutually supportive. So a concreted international effort can only eradicate terrorism totally. The EU and the fight against terrorism: The security measure were reinforced by the EU since September 11th,2001. they have made more stringent efforts after the attacks on Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005. A new strategy was developed and adopted at the European level. It has appointed a coordinator to fight against terrorism. This strategy has 4 themes: Prevention: consists of avoiding individuals from indulge towards terrorism by tackle the major cases which lead to the recruitment of terrorists and radicalization. Protection includes protecting citizens by reducing vulnerability in the fact of attacks. Perusal concerns directly to the terrorists themselves both inside Europe and outside Europe. It concerns preventing communication, planning, movement, disruption of support networks and strict acts on monetary polices preventing access to finance and equipment. Reaction concerns the fire fighters directly. This is the last step and once predictor ad prevention has failed, obviously the next step will be reaction. Civil protection in European level is covered by a Community mechanism, which was created in October 2001. As of now there are thirty countries i.e., 25 European countries and other countries like Iceland, Bulgaria, Norway Liechtenstein and Romania are grouped under this mechanism. Under this mechanism there are few measures and guidelines that the commission has set up. They mostly look forward for mutual assistance in sharing information through better communication. This mechanism keeps the members in attention and make sure that they will act in any emergencies. Policies and Legislations: Anti-terrorism legislations were passed at international level with the aim to tackle terrorism. It includes specific amendments allowing the state to avoid its own legislation when combating terrorism-allied crimes under the grounds of necessity. Since 1934 the foremost Agenda on International level was Terrorism, with the establishment of League of Nations and even with the establishment of United Nations in the month of June 1945. The UN General Assembly implemented the Global Counter-Terrorism strategy on 8th September 2006. There are some more related international conventions which were enacted to counter terrorism are U.K Terrorism Act, 2006, Australian Anti-Terrorism Act, 2005, Terrorist and disruptive Activities (prevention) Act, Military Commissions Act of 2006, SAFETY Act. Special measures taken to safeguard the public Several international organizations and even governments of the countries are making enough efforts to safeguard public from terrorism. Resolutions such as 1267, 1269, and 1333 of United Nations Security Council condemned the acts of international terrorism and asked the member nations to draft relevant laws to control it. Even Security Council 1368s resolution also was taken aftermath of September 11. It states terrorism as a threat to international peace and security. The measures generally focus on the implementation of co-operation and support activities among the nations. The measures should not be so coercive and must not constitute threat. There should be quick search and rescue activities by the forces. After the event of 11th September 2001 in USA special measures were taken by the foreign countries to safeguard the general public in order to achieve Charter of the UNO against terrorist attack in USA as well as Humanitarian Measures based on relevant resolution passed by the United Nations. Later on an Anti terrorism bill passed in the United States which provided aid to the families of Public Safety officer who were injured or killed in terrorist attack. Overview of the relevant case laws: NEUREMBERG TRIAL 96 FRD.69 (1946) United State Vs. Abu Marzook 2006 W 25008 (N.B.ILL) The brief facts of case law Nuremberg Trail: Twenty Germany Nazi leaders and six organizations committed genocides during the Second World War. They were prosecuted as war criminals. The evidence proved that they committed with common planning and conspiracy. The Nuremberg Tribunal was established after the Second World War to try the war criminals of many. The trial started on 20-11-1945. Judgment: The Nuremberg Tribunal gave its judgment on 30-9-1946. It found that all the accused except three were the guilty of criminal offences and genocides. It acquitted those three, and imposed death sentence for ten accused, awarded punishment of transportation for life to 3 accused and awarded imprisonment for a long period to four accused. The Tribunal also found that out of six organizations, only tow organizations (the Reich Cabinet and the General Staff and High Command) were not guilty and the remaining four organizations were guilty. Principles : The Tribunal rejected the defenses of ‘nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege (There is no crime more punishment except in accordance with law) and act of State. The Tribunal observed. The fact that a person who committed an act, which constitutes a crime under international law acted as the head of the State or responsible government official does not relieve him from responsibility under international law. Implication of terrorist attacks in recent days: With the recent developments number of universities and research agendas are adding terrorism as topic and lot of ‘think thanks are into that work. Still up to the September 11 incident the people all over the globe were not particular about the terrorism except form nations like India, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Algeria, Israel and few more which were facing it form many decades. â€Å"After 9/11 it became impossible, even for the most sheltered ivory-towered academic, to deny the reality of terrorism. The hijacked airliners were deliberately flown into the World Trade Center and Pentagon, killing an estimated 3,000 civilians.†Many conventions and declaration proclaimed a transformation of the world. But American responded negatively and continued the established approaches, polices trends etc after 9/11. September 11,2001, attacks shown the vulnerability of the Super power. But it responded and demonstrated that America remains exceptional in its capacity to deploy vast reso urces and destructive assets on a global scale. Immediate actions against the Taliban regime, reveled it as a hegemonic power. It bounced back well than every one expected. It is a process of removal of its opponents all around the world and calling them as a threat to global threat. It used the situation well for its own uses on the name of ‘war against terrorism. The world is afraid of the word terrorism. The general public, nations ranging from developing to developed are not in a position to hear the term terrorism at least. The terrorist organization are taking this as an advantage and trying to create more chaos among the public. Initially they used the media as a tool to communicate their demands but with the more accessibility they are using it as a tool to create more confusion among the pubic. They are even hacking confidential documents of government, which became a major concern to them now. People were upset with the terrorism. This is one of the aims of terrorism . Terrorists were doing their activities from several decades but now they came into a global arena. This order to control global terrorism nations also started a ‘war against Terrorism under the leadership of America. This became a global phenomenon now. Now we entered into a permanent state of emergency, which is now called ‘war on Terrorism. The attacks of terrorist now are very difficult to under stand. Intelligence authorities are failing to trace the information of attacks. They are ending in doing the aftermath analysis, which tells about the failure, the death toll and the lapses. To defend the terrorism there are two methods like anti-terrorism and counter terrorism. The antiterrorism is dealt with the lawful steps, which can be taken by the government with the special legislation and also martial law. The later one is the aggressive one and which talks about the armed methods. These include assassinations, arbitrary reprisals on the terrorists. â€Å"Terrorism is, among other things, a weapon used by the weak against the strong.† The world is entering the 21st century with lot of hope and improvement it had gone through the last centuries. These will be accompanied with the terrorism, which has the power to question the existence of peace and tranquility. EU measures after September 11. The new laws had lot of impact upon the immigrants, non-citizens and asylum seekers lives. In order to mitigate the more effect on those EU took enough safe guards and kept citizens and non-citizen in same line. We know that there remains a scope of suspicion and rejection of non-citizens in wide manner. After September 11, 2001 the stringent immigration polices and harsh asylum has fostered the potential nexus among all the groups. This was reveled after the attacks on Morocco and Saudi Arabia. Every country has strengthened its judiciary and police administration after September 11,2001. Apart from that the nations havent progressed much. The focus was mostly shifted in making stringent laws against the immigration laws and non-citizens, which even made the condition worse than before. Numerous attempts are going on to combat terrorism on International level, in this regard, mostly United Nations playing a significant role to eradicate the terrorists acts. On the other hand, the Security Council has also making efforts in countering terrorism through various norms passed by the UNO to squash the illegal acts of the terrorist. Further the UNO extended its assistance with the Member of USA and opened a new phase in their counter-terrorism efforts by agreeing on a global strategy to counter terrorism. The strategy adopted and launched on 19 September 2006 by the common agreement of the world with equivalent strategic approach to fight against terrorism. In September 2005 Summ it a strategy builds on the unique consensus to strengthen the role of the United Nations to condemn terrorism in all its forms to combat terrorist felony. Following measures taken against Terrorism 1. During the past years the Republic of Cyprus not faced any terrorist activities which threat to the country, so they doesnt consider it. Even in the presence of two military bases of Britishes and the Turkish livelihood of the northern part of its territory. In the opinion of the Cyprus govt. terrorism is not based on any religion. 2. Institutional Framework The Ministry of Foreign affairs has a role in the general coordination and transmission of information though it is indirectly involved in the measures of counter-terrorism. Conversely, (MOKAS) Customs and Excise Department) are eagerly in cooperation for the adoption and implementation of the provisions of United Security Council. The Cyprus policy against terrorism at international level has been formulated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in coordination with European Union and U.N. Twelve protocols and conventions are contracted by the Republic of Cyprus which is signatory to squash the terrorists nuclear act terminating of the negotiations and the implementation of the Comprehensive Convention against International Terrorism. Cyprus is totally agreed to the provisions of UN Security Council Resolution 1371 (2001) to combat terrorism. The fifth report of the same was submitted on 2nd August 2005. Measures in the European Union: The Cyprus consents the objectives of the Counter-terrorism strategy and supports the European Union to combat terrorism. The main objectives of the strategy are, to protect citizens and their infrastructure, to trauma terrorists network and to stifle the terrorist attacks. The public policies should be so good enough that they can serve the purpose of controlling the terrorism and also safeguarding the public safety. All the advancement we made in our civilizations is questioned by the terrorism. So government should be fulfill the basic guidelines of police then only our development will have perfect meaning. References: 1. Countering the New Terrorism. Ian O. Lesser , Bruce Hoffman, John Arquilla, David Ronfeldt , Michele Zanini . Rand. Santa Monica, CA, 1999. Pp 85. 2. International instruments to counter terrorism, United Nations. International instruments to counter terrorism, United Nations December,22,2007. 3. Letter to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis (1870) by Mikhail Bakunin Letter to a Frenchman on the Present Crisis (1870) by Mikhail Bakunin http://marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1870-frenchman.htmDecember,22,2007. 4. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond. Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn Routledge. : New York. 2003. Pp 25. 5. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond. Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn Routledge.: New York. 2003. Pp: 52. 6. Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction. Charles Townshend. Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. 2002. Pp 1. 7. Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction. Charles Townshend . Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. 2002. Pp: 114.

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. :: English Literature

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. Arthur Miller was born October 17th 1915 in New York City. His parents were both immigrants in the United States and were originally from Sicily. Arthur’s father had a successful business but it collapsed, along with the American economy as a whole, Following the Wall Street crash, as a result, Arthur had to work as a warehouseman in order to save his fees before he was able to go to Michigan University in 1934 to study Economics and History. I think he has the same background ‘The view from the bridge’. A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s, with a Sicilian background. Sicily is the home of all the characters which is an island in Italy. The characters change from old world Sicily to new world America in the book. Sicily had been invaded a lot of times by different countries, so this made the Sicilian people develop a culture of not talking or reporting to the authority, so the people of Sicily dealt with their own problems between their communities. Sicily was a very poor country after ww2 because Italy lost the war in 1948. A view from the bridge has a theme of old world Sicily and new world America, there is a lot of masculine and famine emotion between the characters. The characters brought their culture with them from Sicily to America and one of their main rules never to broken is don’t snitch to authority, the worst crime a Sicilian can do is snitch to the authority and Sicilians either kill the person for snitching or reject the person from the Sicilian community. I think the book evolved around the Sicilian culture. Incest is another theme of the book because Rodolfo and Catherine are in love even do there cousins , Eddie began to get attracted to Catherine who was his niece and other themes in this book is obsession, desire and control. Beatrice meant a lot at first to Eddie but when he was starting to loose Catherine, Beatrice knew that Eddie is attracted to Catherine in a different way from just family love but loved her in a sexual way; I think Beatrice became jealous of Catherine because Eddie was playing more attention to Catherine and forgot all about her, I think this challenged Eddies masculinity because he wasn’t performing in bed and controlling his marriage like a masculine man should do. I think the most dramatic scenes in the play is when Eddies masculinity is challenged and the Sicilian way of life is being

Treadway Tire Company Case Study

Introduction: Treadway Tire Company, a major supplier of tires in North America, is experiencing high turnover rates of foremen in their manufacturing plant in Lima, Ohio. Moral issues and dissatisfactions of line-foremen segment are infecting the entire plant. Background: Lima plant employ 970 hourly employees and 150 salaried employees . It operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with four rotating shifts. Lately the plant is faced with variety of challenges due to the rising cost of raw materials. Problem: High turnover and low productivity were due to stressful work environment, lack of training, morale and hiring problems.Foremen had too many responsibilities yet lack of authority and respect. Lack of communication within the plant. Opportunities: Lama Plant has a great opportunity to enhance work environment and upgrade workers skills to increase productivity. Recommendations: Eliminate dissatisfaction by: – Reducing work hours, and offering a periodic training progr am to upgrade personal skills and knowledge required. – Guide foremen and hourly workers through different work process, so as to understand what their responsibilities are and were that fit in the companies’ overall picture. Develop better communication system between foremen, hourly workers and, managers. Then, managers should motivate foremen by showing them some respect and appreciation, allowing them more authority, and involving them in decisions regarding their subordinates. Conclusion: Considering the recommendations above Lima plant will recognize a significant decrease in foremen turnover as well as increase in morale and it could become Treadway’s number one plant for productivity and its lowest cost producer in North America.

Liberty University

I am a police officer and more times than not, I find myself dealing with school ages kids. Usually they range between the ages of 13-18. Most of the time I feel like a counselor because when we deal with juveniles, the juvenile judicial system has tied our hands in what they will incarcerate a juvenile for, so we usually give them a stern talking to and release them back to the custody of their parents. I also work closely with the middle and high school administrators. Sometimes we are in the schools dealing with problems or sometimes we take kids back to school that we find skipping class.This is why I chose to write this discussion board entry on the ethics of school counselors. There are several ethical standards for school counselors, so I will only be touching on a few of them, while comparing them to biblical passages. The first I would like to hit on is the counselor’s responsibilities to their students. They are to treat their students with respect at all time and al ways consider the students future when talking with them. Romans 12:10 states, â€Å"be devoted to one another in brotherly love, but give preference to one another in honor. I think this passage fits perfect here, because when a student goes to a counselor it is usually to talk about a problem they are having or advice on a particular topic. This verse is saying to be devoted to the person as you want the same devotion to you. Another ethical standard for school counselors is confidentiality. The administrators and counselors are not to discuss the student’s issues and school records with anyone unless a informed consent has been agreed on and signed. Proverbs 12:22 states, â€Å"lying lips are an abomination of the lord, but those who act faithfully are his delight. Taking this passage word for word to me basically means that the lord frowns upon the lips that lie and lying is also one of the Ten Commandments that should be remembered when being trusted by another. One of the ethical standards is that counselors and administrators but inform parents and/or legal guardians if a student poses a danger to himself or another. The counselors are never to negate the risk of harm because some students will hide this in order to avoid any type of further scrutiny from other students, teachers or administrators. Corinthians 6:19-20 states, â€Å"do you not know that your body is a temple of the holy spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify in your body. † I don’t think that many of these students who look to harm themselves or harm someone else are thinking past the injury and into the bible and what they are actually doing in the Lord’s eyes. The next ethical standard by which the counselors are held to is professionalism. They are to treat everything that you do in a way that is looked at as professional to society.They are to seek the consent of parents before conduc ting any research into a student or educational records, and treat every research opportunity with professionalism. Psalms 34:22 says, â€Å"The Lord redeems the life of his servants. None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned. † References: The New King James Study Bible, publisher Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 2007 undefined. (1984). American School Counselor Association. In Ethical Standards for School Counselors. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from http://www. mnschoolcounselors. org/EthicalStandards2010. pdf.